In which countries is public transport free for everyone?
Posted on Dec 29, 2025 / Finance
Several countries and cities around the world have introduced free public transport, aiming to reduce traffic congestion, lower pollution, and improve mobility for residents. In Europe, Luxembourg became the first country to offer nationwide free public transport in 2020. Residents and visitors can use trains, trams, and buses without paying a fare. In other cities, such as Tallinn in Estonia and Dunkirk in France, free public transport is available locally, covering buses, trams, or trolleybuses. Some cities in Germany, like Templin, and in the U.S., like Chapel Hill, North Carolina, also offer free local transit. The approach and coverage vary, with some places limiting free transport to residents, while others extend it to everyone.
Why some countries offer free public transport
Free public transport is often implemented to encourage people to use buses and trains instead of private cars, reducing traffic jams and air pollution. It also increases accessibility for low-income residents who rely on public transport for commuting. Governments may fund these initiatives through taxes, local budgets, or by reallocating funds from road infrastructure. Cities that have tried it report higher public transport usage and sometimes economic benefits for local businesses. However, maintaining a free transport system requires careful planning to ensure sufficient capacity and service quality.
Cool facts about free public transport
Luxembourg’s free transport system is so comprehensive that it covers regional trains connecting smaller towns, making it easier for commuters to travel without a car. In Tallinn, Estonia, free transport was first introduced in 2013, making it one of the earliest cities in Europe to try this approach. Some free transport systems are partially funded by parking fees, encouraging people to leave their cars at home. In Dunkirk, France, free buses helped reduce the city’s car traffic by 15% within the first year. Cities experimenting with free transit often see environmental benefits, such as lower CO2 emissions and improved air quality.
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